RIP (Routing Information Protocol )

Router uses 3 main methods to add routes to their routing table : Connected routes , Static routes and Dynamic routing protocol.
In most network engineers purposefully use Dynamic Routing Protocol.

RIP(Routing Information Protocol )

RIP is one of the Dynamic Routing Protocols.
RIP uses Distance Vector Protocol and Bellman-Ford Algorithm .
RIP is one of  a standard-based, oldest distance-vector, interior gateway protocol (IGP) used by routers to exchange routing information.
Each RIP router transmitted full updates every 30 seconds
RIP uses hop count as a routing metric to determine the best path between two locations.
The maximum number of hops allowed for RIP is 15 by default.
RIP uses the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) as its transport protocol, and is assigned the reserved port number 520 .
RIPv2 multicasts the entire routing table to all adjacent routers at the address 224.0.0.9

Differences between RIPv1 and RIPv2

RIPv1

It  uses Classful routing and Broadcast periodic updates 30 seconds, hold-down period 180 seconds.
It does not carry subnet information and
not support for variable length subnet masks (VLSM).


RIP v2

It uses Classless routing and Multicasts.
RIPv2 supports triggered updates—when a change occurs .
RIPv2 supports variable-length subnet masking (VLSM) .
It included the ability to carry subnet information, thus supporting Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR).

RIP versionv2

R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#version ?
  <1-2>  rip version 1 or 2

R1(config-router)#version 2

R1(config-router)#net 1.1.1.0
R1(config-router)#net 10.1.12.0
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary
R1(config-router)#do sh run | s rip
router rip
 version 2
 network 1.0.0.0
 network 10.0.0.0
 no auto-summary


R2(config)#router rip
R2(config-router)#ver 2
R2(config-router)#net 10.1.12.0
R2(config-router)#net 2.2.2.0
R2(config-router)#no auto-summary


R3(config)#router rip
R3(config-router)#ver 2
R3(config-router)#net 10.1.13.0
R3(config-router)#net 3.3.3.0
R3(config-router)#no auto-summary


R3#sh ip route rip
     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R       1.1.1.0 [120/2] via 10.1.13.2, 00:00:08, FastEthernet0/0
     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R       2.2.2.0 [120/1] via 10.1.13.2, 00:00:08, FastEthernet0/0
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
R       10.1.12.0 [120/1] via 10.1.13.2, 00:00:08, FastEthernet0/0

R1#ping 3.3.3.3

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/72/176 ms

R1#traceroute 3.3.3.3

Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 3.3.3.3

1 10.1.12.2 88 msec 68 msec 20 msec
2 10.1.13.3 80 msec 40 msec 36 msec

Showing RIPv2 use 224.0.0.9 multicast address by capturing traffic with wireshark at R2 interface f0/0 
MAC Address of RIPv2 is (  01:00:5E:00:00:09 )
Transport Protocol used by RIP is UDP user datagram protocol with port number 520. 

RIPng (RIP next generation)

RIPng , defined in RFC 2080,is an extension of RIPv2 for support of IPv6, the next generation Internet Protocol.
RIPng operates much like RIPv2, updates are sent every 30 seconds and the route expiration timer is 180 seconds.
The default garbage collection interval is 120 seconds.
The main differences between RIPv2 and RIPng are:
Support of IPv6 networking.
While RIPv2 supports RIPv1 updates authentication, RIPng does not.
IPv6 routers were, at the time, supposed to use IPsec for authentication.
RIPv2 allows attaching arbitrary tags to routes, RIPng does not .
RIPv2 encodes the next-hop into each route entry, RIPng requires specific encoding of the next hop for a set of route entries.
RIPng sends updates on UDP port 521 using the IPv6 multicast group FF02::9 by default .